Socrates Concept Of Justice When Applied To War Philosophy Essay

Socrates Concept Of Justice When Applied To War Philosophy Essay The nation is at war, and your number in the recently reinstated military draft has just come up. The problem is that, after serious reflection, you have concluded that the war is unjust. What advice might Socrates give you? Would you agree? What might you decide to do? One fundamental question answered in the Republic is Socrates concept of Justice. As all the answers, the conclusion about what it is was reached using the dialectical method, a process that is also called, intellectual midwifery. Socrates begins another discussion and a conclusion is reached that it is just to do good to our friends when they are good and harm to our enemies when they are evil, but he does not accept this as the final meaning if justice, and said that doing harm is far worse than receiving harm, because committing injustice harms ones self internally (Davis, 2000). In conclusion, harming any person is an injustice, and so any just man would not commit it. Davis noted that it was the first that it had been declared in European philosophy the idea that a man should not harm others, even his enemies (2000). This is in fact very deontological, as the goodness of an act is considered in itself. In the first book of The Republic, Socrates receives the argument that men find it easier to fall into the pleasures of the unjust rather than choose the inevitable loss and suffering endured as a result of being good and just. But because the just life is more important than the external pleasures that vice and injustice can yield, loss and suffering is a little price to pay. Better is the poor man with a good, just soul than the rich man who has found his wealth through vice and thus attained a tainted soul (Davis, 2000). In addition, his view of justice was exemplified by the famous story, The Ring of Gyges. The point of the story is this: when one has the chance to do something bad, and gain something for ones self, one should not. That is justice. Thus, in this first question, I think that Socrates would have regretted it, because it is not the right thing. We should take note that Socrates is a good warrior himself of Athens, while being its greatest philosopher at the same time. While the end could be good, the point is it was attained in the wrong manner. In his line of thought, Socrates would have advised that there should be some form of repayment to the commitment of injustice. And yes, I would agree. The essence of justice, as was expounded by Davis is not gaining something good for ones self by making other people suffer. Would it have been unjust for Socrates to escape? If you think it would have been, explain your position on whether it is ever morally appropriate to disobey the law. If you think Socrates could have escaped without committing an injustice, explain why. Is there some argument Crito could have made but didnt? Habin noted three arguments of Crito as he was convincing Socrates to escape. First, Socrates friends reputations would have suffered; because it would only mean that his friends do not have the courage to help him escape. Their reputations would suffer. Second, Socrates would not be able to provide for his children in prison. And third, if he does not flee, it would become impossible for Socrates to teach philosophy, which means success for his enemies (2003). Socrates responded, however, that, A good man cannot be harmed eitherin life or in death, and in addition, and in relation to his concept of justice, one not ought to harm ones friends. It must be cleared that harming a person, for Socrates meant means him less good, less. Lastly, in response to Critos argument related about his children, the philosophers reply was, if escaping is unjust and he does it, then he would show himself unfit as teacher of virtue-he would have shown that he did not know what virtue is-and so he could not make his children just or virtuous (2003). Following the line of thought that Socrates notion of justice is justice in itself, the one characterized by Gyges, wherein one should commit something beneficial for ones self without hurting people, it would be injustice if ever he tried to escape. In the first place, Socrates was condemned to drink hemlock because he was accused of youth corruption and in believing other Gods. Thus, while this he is receiver of injustice himself, it would have been greater injustice to try to escape, because he would simply commit greater injustice. One argument Crito could have made is that the Athenian laws are base or morally incorrect, and so he could have convinced Socrates to escape because it would not be injustice as it is a rebellion against the laws themselves. This is different from disobeying the laws as they are laws, and disobeying the laws because they are in itself wrong. Are your moral judgments merely expressions of your personal preferences? If not, how are they different? In articulating your position, be sure to explain how it compares to Reagans. Moral judgment is not only expressions of personal preferences. In the line of thought of the philosopher Levinas, this question itself is invalid, because there can be no personal when it comes to morality in the sense that morality is only possible between two people. Morality is not a question of acts (acts could be personal). Moral preferences could not, as they are always based on a person to person relation. To be moral means to acknowledge others preferences as well. To be moral is an acknowledgment that people are people and deserve to have a life. Thus, to cancel this right is a transgression. I thus agree with Reagans position that there must not be individual preferences when it comes to moral judgments. In one newspaper article I have read about Reagan, he was said to be mistaken in judgment simply because he deems that a baby born without brain should not be starved to death. This is in fact very humane, because while the child would have not survived even a week, Reagans decision is just an acknowledgment of the right of the infant. Is it possible to be moral without believing in God? Why or why not? It is possible to be moral without believing in God, if this idea of God is based on tradition (i.e. Jesus, Allah, Jehovah.) For although religion is a great foundation when it comes to morality, it does not mean that religion is the sole foundation of it. For instance, there are a claim in the Philosophy of Science that science is not only taking-over explanations on metaphysics (I mean, reality,) and knowledge, but science is also taking over epistemology, and now even aesthetics and ethics. For example, there is what is called bio-ethics. Question about the possibility of being moral without God is actually outdated, for Nietzsche had long ago pronounced the death of God.-the death of objectivity, as new demi-gods arises: perhaps the result is this age of post-modernism. Aside from Nietzsche, there are other ethical philosophers who have founded a system of morals without relying on the idea of a god: there is utilitarianism, pragmatism, hedonism, rational egoism, and a lot more.

Case Study: Ministry of sound Essay

QUESTION 1 Ministry of sound had to deal wth the environmental issues from the early 1990s they really faced a problem of drug dealing by the security team, because of this palumbo was forced to change his security and brought in professionals, he even hired a psychoanalyst to cope with the gang threats that followed that followed the drug crack down.Palumbo persisted in making his club a safer and a clear environment.During the 1990s he went further to campaign nationally against the use of drugs in youth venues with the ministry led in the transformation of club of club culture from an underground movement associated with acid house into a main stream youth market activity. The ministry established a distinctive logo and brand and invested heavily in club facilities and sound equipment magazines ,radio shows recording business and the main threats are that the business location it is located in a high crime rate which is not good for business since it labels the club very bad and it tarnish the image of the club .the commercialisation of the brand made it top loose the edgy and underground crowds who established the club ,the closure of the ministry in Bankok as a result of law restriction might pose as a threat.opportunies can be seen by introducing young blood ,fashion and also young faces to the club and also increase online broadcasting their music. QUESTION 2 CAPABILITIES The ministry of sound has capabilities it became a brand and also gaining brand recognition .ministry was also recognised as a wide world music life style.Its products portfolio ranging from record labels ,branded electronincs ,world wide tours and also radio shows.ministry of sound started as a small investment and grow by spreading to other countries and also by having a lot of people visiting the club by that it was recognised the whole world and it became a super club.ministry believed in diversification by spreading their wings and starting branded dj equipment ,also offering branded mobile phone games ,magazines not only that they went further an adviertising supported online broadcast music channel was  launched .ministry manages its communication very well its adaptation,internalisation made ministry what it is today, a big brand. By changing the security team the club operated in a clean environment which was safer for its customers and by so doing the club gained value.by introducing a new ceo was a very good move.ministry as a clean and safe environment it will enjoy the benefits of attracting more music lovers .they differentiated themselves by having security professsionals which is a comparative advantage to other clubs ,we agree that the ministry has a strong brand but the closure of the Bankok branch due to the law restriction tell us something that during their market research they did not look at the country s law which is a weakness. QUESTION 3 The main stakeholders of the ministry of sound is first James palumbo he is still the largest shareholders of the business so he want his investment to make profit.shareholders gets dividend annually or increasing share price which is affected by the growth and profitability of the business so that they can get a best dividend. Managers care too much about their responsibility ,job security their salaries by being responsible and doing their duties properly ,they know that they get bonuses so their interest lies in working for a company that shows growth and that succeed in everything it does ,if the ogarnisation grow the managers are show that their jobs are secure Customers want desirable and quality products at affordable prices also they are interested in the continuous production of new products to satisfy their ever increasing needs Capitalist 3i investors are interested in the growth of the business success and if no growth the investor would take his money to other place. Society in general –socially responsible actions positive towards the environment. QUESTION 4 The ministry can use the following strategies : Joint ventures ,is an entity created when two or more firms pool a portion of their resources to create jointly owned organisation .It is very important since ministry can gain access to a particular source and enjoy economies  of scale, risks and cost sharing neutralising and blocking competitors. It can also try mergers and acquisitions through this it can expand its product line or better still sell the business. QUESTION 5 The reogarnisation is very important because it will help put into practise the ministry s focused strategy into action ,it also helps with costs, it also helped by being a useful tool to let go of the managers who might be resistant to change ,in addiction to three division appears to be clearly collecting together previous uncoordinated initiatives within clear organisation structure .the reorganisation will help the new ceo to delegate to divisional heads at the same time as allowing him to hold them accountable as they impose some discipline on the various business.

Research Paper on William Butler Yeats

The Irish Rebellion of 1641, his mother reading Irish folktales to him as a child, and William Blake’s use of fiction influenced William Butler Yeats to write â€Å"The Curse of the Fire and the Shadows†. Yeats is a huge part of 20th century English and Irish literature and one of the most important writers that started the â€Å"Irish Literary Revival† and was responsible for starting a his own literary club called â€Å"The Rhymers Club†. In addition to being a great poet Yeats was always prominent in writing short stories and plays. One of Yeats’ individual characteristics is his split sense of certain situations. He was very spiritual and yet managed to cling to a skeptical sense of artistic detachment. His beliefs were deeply torn between his interest in mysticism and the inner workings of the universe to his faith in god and his spiritual being. Yeats was a man deeply seeded in the people around him. This being a lot of the subjects in all of his writing, Yeats also wrote about love, the mind, spirituality, mysticism, fiction, reality, war, and even sometimes flirted with idea of fascism. Being born and raised in Ireland Yeats identified with the people and their struggles against England but he didn’t agree with their passiveness and throughout life he had attempted to improve the situation by political means. Although a lot of the conflict had been settled through war, like the Irish Rebellion of 1641. The Irish Rebellion was fought between the catholic Irish rebels and the English and Scottish Protestants that controlled the area. The conflict arose when some Irish Catholics attempted a coup to overthrow the English administration. Their goal was to force them to allow the Catholics their basic religious rights. Although their coup failed it was the spark that started the Irish Rebellion of 1641 also known as the Irish confederate wars. A war that lasted from 1641 to 1649 and was fought in Ireland itself. The Irish fought with only about 5,000 soldiers against England’s army of 19,000. Despite the obvious advantage the English held, the Irish had managed to kill some 3,000 English and Scottish soldiers in the first battle of the war. Although the mainly Puritan English parliament had used yellow journalism to deceive the people of England and said that hundreds of thousands were murdered by the Irish catholic scum. Though this was just a political tactic employed by parliament to steal power away from King Charles I and sully his reputation as the king of England. Parliament distrusted him so much that they feared he would use the Irish against the Puritans in the English Civil war that begun in 1642. In the midst of all the political scandal parliament had begun to recruit more soldiers for the war from both England and Scotland. Although it had already been too late because the Irish had already gained control of the area and formed their own provisional government in Kilkenny. At first Charles I had ordered James Butler who was the duke of Oromonde and lord lieutenant of Ireland to negotiate a treaty to end the war. Except that the parliament in London and the new parliament in Dublin had both refused the terms of this agreement. By 1645 Charles I had been captured by Cromwell. Also Ormonde was named the head of the confederacy that was the agreed upon union between the Royalists and the Puritans in Ireland. Although not everyone had agreed to be led by Ormonde. Murrough O'Brien of Inchiquin an Irish Protestant that had been posted in the town of Munster. Rather than just rejecting the new estabblishment he had burned Munster to the ground on orders from Parliament, earning him the nickname Murrough of the burnings. Murrough wasn't alone in the opposition of Ormonde, a lot of the people who refused the new leaders were Irish catholic rebels that did not like the idea of working together with their old enemies. The war had reached its climax when Colonel Michael Jones had attacked and removed Ormonde from his position at the battle of Rathmines on August 2, 1649. On August 13, 1649 Oliver Cromwell had set sail to decimate the remaining rebel stronghold. Scotland native Sir Fredrick Hamilton who was somewhat of a celebrity in Ireland and England was given land in Leitrim, northwest of Ireland in 1622. Over the next 20 years he had built his castle to 18,000 acres. Manorhamilton had constantly come under attack during the Irish rebellion of 1641 and the castles defenses had managed to survive the onslaught. In 1642 in retaliation for the O'Rourke clans cattle raids Hamilton had attacked the nearby buildings; even Sligo Abbey didn't survive the attack. After which Hamilton and his men had returned to manorhamilton although on the way it as said that Hamilton's men had become lost and were offered help from from a guide on a white horse and instead he led them off a cliff. This legend ended up being the subject for the short story â€Å"The Curse of the Fire and the Shadows† by William B. Yeats. The work of William Butler Yeats is a direct reflection of his life, his inspiration, and his families influence. Yeats was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His father, John Butler Yeats, was a barrister who came from a long lineage of land owners tracing all the way back to the 18th century. His mother, Susan Pollexfen had come from a fairly wealthy merchant family. His father was a supporter of nationalism and the nationalist movement in the country. Initially wanting to be lawyer, John Butler was studying law at the time of his marriage but abandoned the study and moved to England in 1876 when Yeats was only 2 so he could become a painter. Yeats was brought up in an extremely aristocratic family and this had a big impact on his life and his writing. Yeats’ childhood was marked by events like the momentum of nationalism and a lot of societies shift from Catholicism to Puritanism. His father also decided to renounce their family’s Christian faith and instead of reading and following rationalists like John Stuart; he read the works of William Blake and Walt Whitman. This was one of the first times Yeats had been exposed to English poetry as a child. On January 26 1876, William Yeats was sent to the Godolphin primary school where he studied for the next four years and unexpectedly performed poorly in both math and english. In 1880 due to financial problems, the family returned to Dublin and Yeats enrolled into Erasmus Smith High School. Then in 1883 he attended the Metropolitan School of Art. While attending college Yeats published his first two works that later appeared in the Dublin University Review. It was later in his college career that Yeats had made the decision to move on from his artistic career and further his abilities as an author. Since then he started writing poems on various themes and plays. His initial works were deeply influenced with the creations of great poet Percy B. Shelley, and later shifted towards pre-Raphaelite verse and Irish myth and traditions. In his maturing years, Yeats came to appreciate the writing of William Blake. A year later his family decided to make the move back to London. Yeats openly opposed the age of science and often concentrated more on the view astronomy. Yeats' interest in mysticism, spiritualism, astrology and occultism drew criticism from his colleagues who dismissed it as a lack of intellectuality. His first serious work, â€Å"The Isle of Statutes†, was a fantasy poem and was published in Dublin University Review. In 1886, he published a pamphlet Mosada: A Dramatic Poem followed by â€Å"The Wanderings of Orisin† and Other Poems, published in 1889. By 1890 Yeats was already an important part of the literary and artistic scenes in London. He even founded his own club called â€Å"The Rhymers Club†. Its members nicknamed â€Å"the tragic generation† included writers Lionel Johnson, Ernest Dawson, John Davidson, and Arthur Simmons. It was ar. Like every other English poet of the time Yeats had experienced unrequited love. Her name was Maud Gonne, she was a poet and strong feminist who like Yeats, was very involved with the ideal of nationalism. Yeats had proposed to her and was rejected because of his lack participation in nationalist activism. Yeats' obsession with Maud Gonne had almost been unnatural, Ross quotes from Yeats' memoirs â€Å"I had never thought to see in a living woman so great beauty. It belonged to famous pictures, to poetry, to some legendary past. A complexion like the blossom of apples, and yet face and body had the beauty of lineaments which Blake calls the highest beauty because it changes least from youth to age, and a stature so great that she seemed of a divine race† (3). Yeats was madly in love and extremely obsessed. He had believed in Blakes standards so strongly that they become his own and in his eyes Maud Gonne had met them all. For this reason she was the subject of his affection and his art and she knew this well. This being yet another reason she had denied Yeats' marriage proposals over and over again. She knew herself to be his muse and nothing more, she was his living inspiration. From 1902 to 1908 Yeats had become involved with the theater, as a result he had written less poetry during this time. During this period he also began to remake himself. This process would last for the next 37 years after which Yeats wrote â€Å"Myself I Must Remake†. A poem about his 37 year long experience of his own revival what it meant to him. In 1917 Yeats married Georgie Hyde-Lees and released The Swans at Coole, a collection of his poetry. Yeats and his wife had two children, Ann Butler Yeats and William Michael Yeats. As successful a poet and writer Yeats had become at this time he had yet to achieve any political success. Politics being an interest of his and combining his fame and artistic abilities as a writer together would have made him very popular with the public. Yet it wasn't until 1922 when the Irish Free State was established that he had been elected as a senator, and re-elected for a second term in 1925. Soon after he had been elected a debate arose on divorce that Yeats had viewed as a confrontation between Catholics and Puritans. When the catholics had flat out refused divorce all together and decided to outlaw divorce Yeats had released a series of speeches attacking the goverment and the clergy. Yeats stated that for Puritans marriage isn't a religious sacrement but the proof of the love a man and a woman have for eachother and that it would seem sacrilegious if the church were to force two people who hate eachother to live together. The debate has described as one of Yeats' greatest public moments and marked his movement from pluralism to direct religious confrontation. One of the most important writers to Yeats was a man named William Blake. Encouraged by his father Yeats had begun to read the works of Blake around age 15. In 1889, Yeats had studied and learned so much about Blake that he got together with his fathers friend and poet, Edwin Ellis in editing the 3 works of Blake, Poetic, Symbolic, and Critical. In the revised edition they had also included a 172 page memoir of Blake's life, an explanation of his symbolic system, and their interpretations of the poems. Ross also writes â€Å"Yeats recollects that early in their acquaintance Ellis handed him ‘a scrap of notepaper' on which he had written an interpretation of ‘To the Jews,' the preface to the second chapter of Jerusalem. The four quarters of London represented Blake's four great mythological personages, the Zoas, and also the four elements'†(3). Yeats believed that these lines were the key to understanding and interpreting Blake's philosophy and makes the connection between his system and that of Swedenborg or of Boehme. So it was with this proof that Yeats bad determined Ellis' interpretation was real and that was all they needed to begin their work on the prophetic works of Blake. Ross writes on the relationship between Yeats and William Blake â€Å"No writer meant more to Yeats, early, middle, and late. Blake provided Yeats with nothing less that a sacred literature in which he could renew himself and in relationship to which he could orient himself as a poet and thinker† (2). Yeats considered Blake to be the only protect he knew and in his opinion his writing grew more interesting and also more obscure with each passing year. Also there was no writer that Yeats quoted more, not even Percy Shelley. In addition, while criticizing a lecture by Yeats, Ross states â€Å"Yeats' devotion to Blake never waned, even as he shed other habiliments of the 1890's, including, to some extent, Shelley† (2). As this crucial an influence as Shelley is known to be this quote further cements the idea of how important Blake was to Yeats through his entire career, from beginning to end. Toward the end of Yeats life mainly after the Wall Street crash and the great depression had begun. Critics began to arise and ask questions about whether or not a democratic society could survive a great economic depression. It was during this time that Yeats had begun to associate with fascist ideals and even expressed admiration for Benito Mussolini. Yeats had begun to think that in the aftermath of the depression Europe would be reconstructed through totalitarian rule. Then in 1933 at the age of 68 Yeats had grown very sick and had to receive a Steinbach rejuvenation surgery a year later. Even after this he had continued writing and released four verse plays, a poetry book called A Full Moon in March, and the final revision of A Vision. His last poems were published after his death in 1939 but arrangements couldn't be made for his funeral until after World War II, at which point his body was taken to Sligo, where he was buried.

Analysis Of Annette Lareau s Unequal Childhoods Class,...

Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life A book review by Luis Villadolid Luis Villadolid LCT375: Global Issues Dr. Dorothy Diehl October 2, 2014 Summary Annette Lareau’s Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life seeks to educate and enlighten its readers of the constant and ever presence of poverty and how it drastically affects different individuals of society specifically, the children. Using observations from 2 elementary schools and interviews with parents of twelve target children, Lareau is able to present astonishing data on how social class plays a vital role in the day-to-day life of a person. Lareau further observes the target children in regards to the organization of daily life, language use within the family and environment, and families and institutions. Within these subcategories are specific target families and through the observation of research assistants, the data was presented in the text. The first sub-category Lareau explores is that of the organization of daily life. The target families in this sub-category were the Tallinger family, in which the hectic pace and the complexity of the family calendar were emphasized. The Taylor family, wherein the abundance of free time and significance of siblings and their role in the childrens’ lives. And finally, the Brindle family, wherein the social aspects such as the child s entitlement and opinion, as well as the barrier between children andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Unequal Childhoods1498 Words   |  6 Pages In her book, Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau argues out that the influences of people, in addition as race, end in unequal childhoods (Lareau 1). to grasp this, it s necessary to infer from the book and assess the way during which race and people tend to form the lifetime of a family. The manner during which a family lives are often virtually entirely be preset by the pe ople and race of the family. because they demonstrate, every race and people typicallyRead MoreChild Care For Single Mothers2773 Words   |  12 Pages2014). In 1997, the poverty rate among single mothers was 32.6% and for those married couples in was only 5.6%, so as you can see the poverty rate among singe-mothers has increased over the years. Single-mothers are the poorest and fastest growing family type in the United States (London, 2000, p. 93). Recently, attitudes towards single mothers have changed dramatically, and policymakers are being pressed to create reforms that will reduce welfare dependency (Kimmel, 1995, p. 271). Full time work